THE PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION Linguistic and Cultural Challenges in Translation
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In developing a theory of translation there are so often a number of wrong concepts that constitute problems for the study of interlingual communication: first, the idea that translation is a science and second, the assumption that translating depends on a theory of language that includes all classes of texts, audiences, and circumstances of use. Translating is not a separate science, but it often does represent specialized skills and can also require aesthetic sensitivity. Skilled translators must have a special capacity for sensing the closest natural equivalent of a text, whether oral or written. But translating is essentially a skill and depends largely on a series of disciplines, for example, linguistics, cultural anthropology, philology, psychology, and theories of communication. In contrast with the various sciences, such as physics, chemistry, and biology, translation is an activity that all bilingual people can engage in without special studies of technical procedures. As efficient bilinguals they quickly sense the degrees of equivalence in comparable texts.
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